Technological Solutions to the Effects of Urban Sprawl

The most recent advancements have enormously upgraded people’s lifestyle. The growth of urban communities to country zones, likewise known has never-ending suburbia, has empower individuals to improve their day by day exercises (Frumkin 3). This kind of industrialization has brought about numerous problems.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Technological Solutions to the Effects of Urban Sprawl explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Urban spread depends on the improvement of innovation and the structure of cars. There are numerous mechanical improvements that target lessening the social and biological issues raised by endless suburbia, however such procedures just decrease the emanations of gases which influence nature. This paper investigations the degree to which mechanical arrangements can help settle the impact of mechanized never-ending suburbia. The expansion in car creation empowers individuals to stretch out their tasks to provincia l territories. A great many people are presently utilizing their own vehicles to venture out to work, and this consequently speeds endless suburbia. As more individuals use vehicles, there is ascent of clog in urban spots since going to work is increasingly troublesome when utilizing bike or strolling. This is viewed as ‘motorized urban sprawl’ which is the reason for social and environmental issues (Martin 68). Mechanized never-ending suburbia has numerous issues related with it. These issues are essentially social and natural. In the first place, ecological issues brought about by this viewpoint remember a dangerous atmospheric devation and change for atmosphere. This is a direct result of the utilization of vehicles that transmit risky gases to the earth. Likewise, natural issues raised by emanation of perilous gases, for example, carbon dioxide incorporate loss of development land and woods, loss of recreational space, and increment out in the open (Frumkin 3). Abse nce of ranches for development may prompt discounted food gracefully consequently coming about to expanded food costs and social awkwardness because of the way that numerous individuals would consider moving to urban zones. Second, the contrasts between the rich and the poor are among the primary necessities of society. Martin contends that the expense of purchasing a vehicle might be an obstruction for the needy individuals, and it can separate the rich from poor people (69). This suggests destitute individuals will be burdened due to the mechanized endless suburbia. Poor families should live inside the blocked urban communities which are viewed as undesirable. Plus, the diminished mass transportation or rather open methods for transport can prompt inconsistent transportation. Moreover, individuals with physical and mental incapacities will most likely be unable to drive vehicles; consequently they are segregated from the urban sprawl.Advertising Looking for exposition on natural i nvestigations? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thirdly, utilizing fuel to work vehicles produce gases which contaminate nature, prompting horrible medical issues. There is likewise the inclination of expanded car crashes brought about via imprudent driving and the expanded requirement for faster travel. Frumkin plots that endless suburbia make individuals to utilize vehicles as opposed to walk or use bikes (4). This additionally infers individuals can't stay in shape because of the reliance on vehicles in this manner raising the odds of procuring weight. Once more, individuals are ordinarily worried up when in stuck streets. To take care of these issues, there is have to grow great transportation frameworks. Transportation frameworks exist to help individuals in their every day exercises, be it social, monetary, or self-awareness. The accessibility of reasonable methods for transport, for example, mass transportation, has empo wered people and governments to decrease transportation impacts on supportability. As indicated by Gonzalez transportation frameworks have significant supportability impacts in social, monetary, and ecological viewpoints (38). Business gatherings, for example, ICC (International Chamber of Commerce) have proposed natural protection through the assistance of innovation. Such associations advocates for the improvement of elective wellspring of vitality through advancements that produce clean fuel which are liberated from carbon dioxide and the utilization of atomic vitality. Despite the fact that these arrangements rely upon innovation, it is as yet hard to take care of the issues of never-ending suburbia. For example, the proposed arrangements, for example, atomic vitality have an intense issue concerning atomic squanders. Gonzalez contends that there is have to decrease urbanization through evaluating the land the executives rules (46). The referenced effects calls for detailing of procedures that can help acknowledge numerous targets, and maintain a strategic distance from those that will in general tackle one issue in the cost of others. For example, an arrangement that lessens transportation costs however builds clamor contamination or traffic clog can't be viewed as maintainable arrangement. Trustworthy methodologies are those that decrease the general impact of transportation frameworks and support compelling utilization of transport assets. The most suitable ways to deal with taking care of transportation issues would incorporate strolling or cycling, mass transportation, and the utilization of cross breed or electric vehicles (Gonzalez).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Technological Solutions to the Effects of Urban Sprawl explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Walking and bicycling give both exercise and transportation, in spite of the fact that individuals may pick a specific excursion to fill the two needs. Mass transportation or open transportation is another alternative of transport that is considered to lessen the impacts of endless suburbia. Another class of supportable transportation is the crossover vehicle. This class of vehicles utilizes power and gas, giving progressively productive methods for transport. Hollis traces that electric vehicles are nearly practical, and cause no issue, if at least an ordinary vehicle. The deficiency of fuel and ecological variables has been the significant drivers of utilizing electric vehicles lately (2). Taking everything into account, the expanded utilization of autos that outcome to never-ending suburbia raises numerous issues from wellbeing to social issues. Depending on innovation alone can't decrease the effects of mechanized never-ending suburbia. The mechanical arrangements which advocates for utilization of clean fills and electric vehicles can't take care of the considerable number of issues. Appropriate arranging and the executives of tra nsportation frameworks is viewed as fundamental methods for tending to social issues and to some broaden manage the natural issues. Works Cited Frumkin, Howard. â€Å"Urban Sprawl and Public Health† Public Health Reports. 117(2001). Gonzalez, G. A. â€Å"Urban Sprawl, Global Warming and The Limits of Ecological Modernization.† Environmental Politics, 14:3(2005): 34-362. Hollis, Christopher. â€Å"Alternative Forms of Transportation. The Fuels and Technologies That Power Them†. Hollis Innovations, LLC. 2001. Web. Martin, G. â€Å"Motorization, Social Ecology and China†, Area, 39:1(2007): 66-73.Advertising Searching for paper on natural examinations? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More This paper on Technological Solutions to the Effects of Urban Sprawl was composed and put together by client Robin Chapel to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Land Ordinance of 1785

Land Ordinance of 1785 I)The Land Ordinance A. Selection 1. The United States Congress received the Land Ordinance of 1785 in May 1785. 2. Thomas Jefferson composed the Ordinance of 1784, which required the land west of the Appalachian Mountains, north of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River to be separated. a. This mandate didn't actually portray how the land would be settled, represented, or how the land would turn into a state. 3.The Land Ordinance of 1785 put the 1784 goals in activity by giving instrument to selling or settling the land. B. Objectives and Accomplishments: 1. Because of the way that Congress couldn't raise burdens, the primary objective of the law was to sell the unmapped domain west of the states gained in 1783 through the Treaty of Paris and utilizations the salary as government benefit. 2. More than three-fourths of the mainland US was studied utilizing the rectangular review, which gave the accompanying: a. Effectively conspicuous land portrayals . Financial, political, and social advancement in the townships. 4. The Ordinance partitioned the land into townships, six square miles every that were separated into 36 1 square mile segments. a. Every one of the 36 areas were partitioned into bits of land that were sold or utilized for a particular reason. b. Area 16 of each township was held for the support of government funded schools. c. In later townships, segment 36 was assigned as a school area. d. Areas 8, 11, 26, and 29 were saved for government deal Related article: Land of Opportunity

Biological Engineering at MIT

Biological Engineering at MIT MIT is, at the very least, interesting when it comes to biology. You will find there are two groups of people. There is group A that despises biology and if it weren’t for 7.01x being a GIR (a required class at MIT), they would never come anywhere near biology. Group B on the other hand is a mix of anxious premeds and kids trying to convince their parents that going to grad school can be just as rewarding as going to med school….. groupAgroupB. I quite obviously fall into group B (the second half of group B, I thought I had convinced my parents that grad school would be cool, but they recently found that MD/PhD is a thing, so I still have a lot of persuading to do), I love biology and I spend a lot of my time telling my course 2 (ME), course 18 (math), course 8 (physics), course 16 (aero/astro) and very very very course 6 (EECS) fraternity that biology is a real science (I am the only course 20 in a group of 60ish so I have had a lot of interesting conversations at my fraternity about how T-cells are not testosterone cells. They are all super smart guys, they just don’t like biology). Nevertheless, MIT leads the world in its biology research. The Koch, the Broad, the Whitehead, Picower Institute, etc. are all full of amazing minds that are truly changing the way that we see the mind, the body, and life itself. Course 20 itself is a pretty rare major. Most schools offer biology or BME (biomedical engineering), but there are very few Universities that will offer a biological engineering degree. I have found that biology is more basic science, things like figuring out what a protein does, how does this process work, if I induce this what will happen. BME is closer to MIT’s 2A-7 which is more of a device and prosthetics major, there is a lot of work in making things like MRI’s, CAT scans, neuroprosthetics, etc. However, biological engineering takes biological concepts and figures out how to apply them so, now that I know inducing this makes that how can I make a therapy, how can I use this protein as a marker for cancer detection, how can I simulate this phenomeno n on a chip, etc. I entered the field of biology in order to make or find something that can change the way we treat cancer, so having a major that takes the information we have and finds out how to apply was exactly what I needed. This semester is the first time that I am taking a course 20 class, so I cannot say a ton about how amazing or not amazing the course 20 classes are, but I can try to summarize what I have learned since I got here. What you will find as a course 20 vs a course 7 (biology) is that course 20 requires a lot more not so biology classes. So as a course 20 you are required to take 18.03 (differential equations) where as in biology you are free to stop at 18.02 (multivariable equations). You are also required to take 6.0001 and 6.0002 (Introduction to Computer Science and Programming in Python and Introduction to Computational Thinking and Data Science) which is always a surprise to students at MIT course 20 and not. On the other hand you also take more basic chemistry and biology classes, things like 5.12 (organic chemistry), 7.05 (biochem), 7.06 (cell biology), and 7.03 (genetics). Actual course 20 classes are normally kind of are more mathy than bio classes, and more bioy than math class es, right now I am taking 20.110 (thermodynamics of biomolecular systems) which has been an amazing class and a super interesting way of looking biology, and next semester I will be taking the lab class 20.109 (Labaratory Fundamentals in Biological Engineering). Now outside of MIT I have quite a few thoughts on how I feel about the field of biology as a whole right now (fair warning before reading this part if you are not super passionate about biology this part is a little bit depressing and could discourage you. So decide for yourself if you want to keep reading, but if you do decide to read ahead you must read until the end). Biology (and to a lesser extent chemistry) has a very large amount of problems when it comes to research. I have only been working in labs for about 2 years total (a year hear and about a year in highschool), but my impression on what happens in thelabs has changed quite significantly since I first stepped into one. So I will address things that will undoubtedly pop up if you decide to go into the field. So, in biology there are two really big fields that people go into, academia and industry. Academic research is done at a University and normally works towards exploring unsearched areas, novel ideas, and explanations to various phenomena. On the other side there is industry, this is composed of various companies (things like biogen, Novartis, etc.). In industry research is done with the purpose of making a profit and getting drugs that will make it to patients. Here, there is less of a move towards finding something new and more of a move towards making something that can be used. I will be addressing issues that appear in both Academics and Industry. Money: One of the biggest problems with biology is that biology is expensive. A 50 microliter aliquot of a substance you need for an experiment can easily cost $300. Then there are analysis machines, pipets, bio hoods, incubators, robots, computers, etc. etc. etc. A lab is expensive, so a lot of the research that can be very much limited by how much the lab has. A lot of my friends can have a good idea and begin work on a CS startup as long as they have a few computers; however, if I ever wanted to make a startup, the entry cost could easily be $1 mil or more. This very much decreases the ability for there to be a large amount of interesting startups. Publications: This is more of a problem in academia than there is in industry, but it comes down to the fact that publications is one of the only metrics that academia currently has for success. This creates a number of problems, the biggest of which is high impact papers with little to no impact. Basically, the end goal for a lot of people in biology is to become a PI (Principle Investigator) at some University. A PI is the head of a lab at a University. PI’s are the main decision makers for a lab and sit at highest position in academic research. Here the pay is good, you get your own lab, and you get to decide what that lab works on. However, in order to do this you must compete against all of the other Doctoral and Post-Doctoral students that all want this position. So, in order to get this position you need to have the BEST sounding papers, with the LARGEST impact, and you need a LOT of them. Given that a graduate student only has about 6 years to get their research done, and a post-doc only has about 2 years there is not enough time to get out a lot of really good papers that are done the “right” way. The only way to reach this high mass of paper is to skip repeating experiments, sketchy methods, and creating results that have little application to real life. An example of this would be finding a new chemical that can hold off cancer with low toxicity in different kinds of patients, but cost $2mil and 4 years to produce an ounce and has a shelf life of 3 days. This creates for a very high impact paper, but the likelihood of it ever getting to a patient is very low. Many scientist make this then move on to the next high impact paper with hopes of finally making it to PI. However, there are not very many other ways to do research if you ever want to become a PI, because if you don’t make high impact papers, no one will know you have done anything. Post-Docs: A post-doc is again is more of an academic issue than an industry issue. A post-doc is a position that is normally required after graduate school if you want to become a PI. It normally last about two years and is basically a very smart very talented graduate student. However, there are a number of problems with the post-doc position. There is a very high number of people that have become stuck in eternal post-docs. Basically, every two years they move to another post-doc position and continue to apply to every open PI position open, but seem to have no luck. So, basically these are extremely overqualified individuals that are stuck with position and pay equal to that of a graduate student. It is also very beneficial for PI’s to hire post-docs, because they produce the best research for a price not much more than graduate students, so there is very little that is pushing PI’s to adjust the way that post-docs work. Cures: One of the large problems in industry is the fact that cures are simply not profitable. The most profitable research is a product that will decrease the effects within a patient, but must be continuously taken in order maintain constant health. Cures on the other hand only call for a single use and no more. Given that industry invest around 15-80million dollars and about 7-15 years into RD of a single drug, it only makes sense that they would only want to make something that can make their money back. If they do not make something in which they can make money, the business will very quickly run out of money and go under. Monopolies: Though this is not a long term problem, when companies first put out a product they are given a license on that product for a given time that allows them to be the only people that produce that product. Therefore, for this given time, prices for drugs can be extremely expensive, because companies must make as much money during this license period, because after that period ends they must fight against competition. This makes it so that people that must rely on this new drug are forced to pay a large amount of money because there are no other companies making it. Industrial Hierarchy: In industry, a large of the final decisions get to be made by businessmen who may or may not have a scientific background. This can make it very frustrating to be a scientist who is passionate about a project they are working on, but it is cut very early because it may not be profitable. It also means that scientist doing the research have very little say on what they are researching. As someone that entered the field of biology in order to help people over anything else, these “red tapes” are very frustrating and something that is constantly on my mind. The reason I have stayed in the field is because I still want to help people, and I have decided that I will do everything I can to continue to do that. I have not figured out how I will surpass these boundaries, and honestly I have very little idea about I might change this system to make it better. Nevertheless, biology is still the field that at its very core has the power to heal those that thought there was no hope, and that is what I hope to find. I think if you want to be a biologist you must have a passion to put progress over money, fame, and recognition, at least for now. I think a lot of these problems have risen from an age old system that is long overdue for an update. So, I really believe it is up to the younger generation to begin a process of making this system a system that does what it was me ant to do, and that is help people.

Battle of Stony Point in the American Revolution

The Battle of Stony Point was fought July 16, 1779, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). In the summer of 1779, the leadership of the Continental Army decided to mount an assault against Stony Point, NY after the position had been occupied by the British. The assignment was given to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne and the Corps of Light Infantry. Striking at night, Waynes men conducted a daring bayonet attack that secured Stony Point and captured the British garrison. The victory provided a needed boost for American morale and Wayne received a gold medal from Congress for his leadership. Background In the wake of the Battle of Monmouth in June 1778, British forces under Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton largely remained idle in New York City. The British were watched by General George Washingtons army which assumed positions in New Jersey and to the north in the Hudson Highlands. As the 1779 campaigning season began, Clinton sought to lure Washington out of the mountains and into a general engagement. To accomplish this, he dispatched around 8,000 men up the Hudson. As part of this movement, the British seized Stony Point on the eastern bank of the river as well as Verplancks Point on the opposite shore. General Sir Henry Clinton. Photograph Source: Public Domain Taking possession of the two points at the end of May, the British began fortifying them against attack. The loss of these two positions deprived the Americans of using Kings Ferry, a key river crossing over the Hudson. As the main British force withdrew back to New York having failed to force a major battle, a garrison of between 600 and 700 men was left at Stony Point under the command Lieutenant Colonel Henry Johnson. Consisting of imposing heights, Stony Point was surrounded by water on three sides. On the mainland side of the point flowed a swampy steam that flooded at high tide and was crossed by one causeway. Dubbing their position a little Gibraltar, the British constructed two lines of defenses facing west (largely fleches and abatis rather than walls), each manned with around 300 men and protected by artillery. Stony Point was further protected by the armed sloop HMS Vulture (14 guns) which was operating in that part of the Hudson. Watching the British actions from atop nearby Buckberg Mountain, Washington was initially reluctant to assault the position. Utilizing an extensive intelligence network, he was able to ascertain the strength of the garrison as well as several passwords and the locations of sentries (Map). The American Plan Reconsidering, Washington decided to move forward with an attack utilizing the Continental Armys Corps of Light Infantry. Commanded by Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 1,300 men would move against Stony Point in three columns. The first, led by Wayne and consisting of around 700 men, would make the main attack against the southern side of the point. Scouts had reported that the extreme southern end of the British defenses did not extend into the river and could be flanked by crossing a small beach at low tide. This was to be supported by an attack against the northern side by 300 men under Colonel Richard Butler. To ensure surprise, Waynes and Butlers columns would make the assault with their muskets unloaded and relying solely on the bayonet. Each column would deploy an advance force to clear obstacles with a 20-men forlorn hope to provide protection. As a diversion, Major Hardy Murfree was ordered to stage a diversionary attack against the main British defenses with around 150 men. This effort was to precede the flank attacks and serve as signal for their advance. To ensure proper identification in the darkness, Wayne ordered his men to wear pieces of white paper in their hats as a recognition device (Map). Battle of Stony Point Conflict: American Revolution (1775-1783)Dates: July 16, 1779Armies and Commanders:AmericansBrigadier General Anthony Wayne1,500 menBritishLieutenant Colonel Henry Johnson600-700 menCasualties:Americans: 15 killed, 83 woundedBritish: 20 killed, 74 wounded, 472 captured, 58 missing The Assault On the evening of July 15, Waynes men gathered at Springsteels Farm approximately two miles from Stony Point. Here the command was briefed and the columns began their advance shortly before midnight. Approaching Stony Point, the Americans benefited from heavy clouds which limited the moonlight. As Waynes men neared the southern flank they found that their line of approach was flooded with two to four feet of water. Wading through the water, they created enough noise to alert the British pickets. As the alarm was raised, Murfrees men began their attack. Pushing forward, Waynes column came ashore and began their assault. This was followed a few minutes later Butlers men who successfully cut through the abatis along the northern end of the British line. Responding to Murfrees diversion, Johnson rushed to the landward defenses with six companies from the 17th Regiment of Foot. Battling through the defenses, the flanking columns succeeded in overwhelming the British and cutting off those engaging Murfree. In the fighting, Wayne was temporarily put out of action when a spent round struck his head. Battle of Stony Point, 1779. Library of Congress Command of the southern column devolved to Colonel Christian Febiger who pushed the attack up the slopes. The first to enter the innermost British defenses was Lieutenant Colonel Francois de Fluery who cut down the British ensign from the flagstaff. With American forces swarming in his rear, Johnson was ultimately compelled to surrender after less than thirty minutes of fighting. Recovering, Wayne sent a dispatch to Washington informing him, The fort garrison with Col. Johnston are ours. Our officers men behaved like men who are determined to be free. Aftermath A stunning victory for Wayne, the fighting at Stony Point saw him lose 15 killed and 83 wounded, while British losses totaled 20 killed, 74 wounded, 472 captured, and 58 missing. In addition, a host of stores and fifteen guns were captured. Though a planned follow-on attack against Verplancks Point never materialized, the Battle of Stony Point proved a vital boost to American morale and was one of the final battles of the conflict to be fought in the North. Visiting Stony Point on July 17, Washington was extremely pleased with the result and offered lavish praise upon Wayne. Assessing the terrain, Washington ordered Stony Point abandoned the next day as he lacked the men to fully protect it. For his actions at Stony Point, Wayne was awarded a gold medal by Congress.

Children s Self Perception Behavioral Characteristics

1) Affects one’s self perception. Behavioral characteristics include: †¢ Poor interpersonal relationships. †¢ Altered self-image. †¢ Impulsiveness. †¢ Fear of loneliness and abandonment. 2) Etiology of Borderline Personality Disorder: No identifiable cause, which is common to most mental disorders. Suspected causes include: †¢ Genetic link. Family history of this disorder. †¢ Brain imbalances: Related to decreased neurotransmitter serotonin responsible for mood regulation. Also abnormal function in brain’s mood. Predisposing Risk Factors †¢ Family history. †¢ Traumatic events; i.e. sexual or physical abuse, hostile home environment or forced parental separation. †¢ Personality characteristics such as impulsivity or aggression. 3) Signs and symptoms of BPD include: †¢ Extreme fear of abandonment. †¢ Avoiding any threat of rejection or separation. †¢ Hx of unstable relationships. High esteem for a significant another, who they mistrust. †¢ Sudden shift in self-identity and self- image. Sudden change of goals and values related to self-perception. Clients may have a negative or non-existent self-perception. †¢ Paranoid episodes and losing touch with reality lasting several minutes to a few hours. †¢ Indulging in impulsive or dangerous activities; client may sabotage him or herself by quitting a fulfilling job or ending a purposeful relationship. †¢ Suicidal secondary to separation or rejection. †¢ Broad mood swings lasting hours to days. †¢ Persistent feeling of emptiness. †¢Show MoreRelatedRelationship Between Marital Conflict And Children s Peer Relationships1439 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract Children are an active processor of their environment and marital conflict can predict their emotional and behavioral adjustment. It is important to develop intervention programs and strategies that will help children cope and reduce the likelihood of negative outcomes from witnessing interparental conflict. 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The Oppression of Women as Women Free Essays

The oppression of women as women PHIL 202 – Assignment 1 26/01/2012 The patriarchal society in which we live has systematically oppressed women for centuries. It is not until extremely recent history, with the Women’s Liberation Movement, that women have been able to take meaningful strides towards a more equal and just society. We have come a long way since that time, women can now vote, work, practice politics and live independently of men: it seems as though we have come very close to the equality that we have worked so hard to achieve. We will write a custom essay sample on The Oppression of Women as Women or any similar topic only for you Order Now However that statement has proven to be incredibly false. If we examine Marilyn Frye’s metaphor of the bird cage and apply it to the changes that have been brought upon our society we can see how the oppression of women not only still exists, but has gained new dimensions. By inspecting the progress women have made to integrate into patriarchal society we can see that we have succeeded to remove some of the wires that have held us back from escaping the cage, however the removal of these wires has added new responsibilities for the female gender and it is these new responsibilities that have added completely new wires to our cages. By examining Marilyn Frye’s article Oppression we will examine why she believes that â€Å"women are oppressed as women† (Frye, p. 16) and why it is that, even though men face barriers and difficulties, she believes that they are not â€Å"oppressed as men† (Frye, p. 16) Whilst reading Frye’s article I was truly disagreeing with the points she was making. How can she state that men are not also oppressed in some way: they have the burden of supporting their families, they cannot express any emotions without seeming weak, and they don’t have the choice of spending as much time with their children? These facts made me certain that men too were oppressed, however in a different way than women. As I neared the end of the article I came to a sudden realization: the opinions I had formed were a product of my microscopic view of the situation and I was not able to see that the burdens men faced were only barriers held in place in order to preserve the patriarchal society that has been created and they were not faced with systematic oppression. In order to illustrate this point we can take a look at an example from the side of two opposing genders. The workplace seems to be following the path f equality, even though certain issues remain (men earning more than women on average, men holding higher positions etc†¦) they seem to be miniscule problems compared to the ones faced by the women decades before us. The wire on the cage that we would have named â€Å"ability to pursue a career† seems to be a rusty weak wire that is falling apart, no longer capable of holding women b ack. It may seem as if this is a victory, however, the oppressing society we live in has ensured that the destruction of that single wire has been acknowledged and replaced by a new strong and sturdy set of wires in order to ensure systematic oppression. Now that women are able to work they are perceived as lazy and old-fashioned if they don’t, however if they do work they are perceived as being intimidating, bad mothers and sometimes masculine. Therefore it seems as if the situation where a women is perceived as hard-working, intelligent, ambitious and modern as well as feminine and an excellent mother and homemaker does not exist, yet it is actively expected of them; if any of the aforementioned characteristics are not present she will be given a dreadful label by society. It is clear that the advancements we have made have lead to an entirely new dimension of oppression. If we now continue on to examine the role of a man in the workplace we can see that they do face barriers but they are in absolutely no way systematically oppressed. If we examine a single barrier they face, for example, the burden of having to support their family, as this is the norm with regards to sex roles. The man must go to work and must earn money to pay the mortgage, to feed their children and to buy his wife the dishwasher she has been nagging him to get. This is a responsibility that he is expected to fulfill, however he is no way oppressed. In order to obtain an adequate job a man may go to school, earn a degree and find a stable and well-paying job. He will find this job with much more ease than a woman with the same qualifications and will get payed more than the aforesaid women. Being a man will be an advantage to his search and will in no way place any obstacles in his way, as opposed to woman whose gender is â€Å"significantly attached to whatever disadvantages and deprivations she suffers, be they great or small. †(Frye, p. 6) By obtaining a job, he has now earned the labels of intelligent, ambitious, and hard-working; of course, in our age and time a woman might be able to acquire all of these labels as well. However the labels describing her femininity and home-life might not be as pleasant. What about a man? He is now supporting his family therefore he is now masculine and worthy, he is also seen as a good father as he is supporting his children (the fact that he might not spend an adequate amount of time with them is of no importance as in our society financial support takes precedent of emotional support. Therefore our society has given him the burden of supporting his family but we can see that this is only a barrier put in place in order to for men to be able to exclude women from political and economic life and therefore control it. It may be a disadvantage in some ways, however it is important to recognize that it is a necessary disadvantage in order to maintain control and can in no way be labelled as oppression. The simple term â€Å"oppression† must be understood because without understanding its rightful meaning it is â€Å"much misused, and sometimes not innocently† (Frye, p. 0) We must come to the understanding that men do face obstacles and barriers however they do not face the systematic oppression that women do as a result of their gender. Of course there are oppressed men living all around the world, but this oppression does not stem from the simple fact of their sex but many other factors such as socio-economic situation, sexual orientation, political situations etc†¦ Simply put, there are thousands, maybe millions of men around the world who are in no way oppressed, but not one single woman because her gender is the defining characteristic for her oppression. How to cite The Oppression of Women as Women, Papers

Dc Power Supply Report free essay sample

Overview The goal of this experiment was to construct a power supply that would convert a 120-volt 60 Hz input ,such as that received from a wall socket, to a 12-volt dc voltage output with a ripple factor less than 0. % making it suitable for the operation of small electronic devices. Block Diagram Schematic Diagram Discussion The 120-volt rms 60 Hz input was used to represent a wall socket. To reduce the voltage from 120-volts to 12-volts a 10 to 1 step-down transformer was placed in the circuit. An FWB bridge was implemented to convert the AC signal to a DC signal. A voltage regulator was added to stabilize the output. Capacitors were also added to aid in the stabilization of the output signal. The capacitor values as well as the value of the load resistor were manipulated achieve the ideal output. Results Conclusion Utilizing the procedures apparatus discussed in this report, an output reasonably close to the ideal output was produced. We will write a custom essay sample on Dc Power Supply Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The amount of components used in the experiment was minimized to reduce the overall cost of the circuit. However it was necessary to add capacitors to reduce the ripple voltage.

How Hollywood Portrays Arabs free essay sample

Case Study- How Hollywood portrays Arabs An Overview of the portrayal Introduction Hollywood has for several decades, set an agenda as well played a propagandist role in showcasing the Arab world and the Middle East in general. This depiction has been greatly impacted by several major political events from the last few decades to a century. Political events such as the creation of the State of Israel, the revolution of the Islamic State of Iran, and the tragic events of September 11, 2001 in the United States have gone a long way to influence Hollywood’s portrayal of Arabs, very often in stereotypical and negative facets. Issues concerning the Middle East have been omnipresent in American society for several decades. There is daily news coverage of Arabs and the Middle East in all forms of media in the United States, including on television and in movies. Hollywood, for many years has depicted Arabs in stereotypical images, villain roles opposite American heroes who tend to save the day. We will write a custom essay sample on How Hollywood Portrays Arabs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since the early days of Hollywood, Arabs and Muslims have been depicted overwhelmingly as villains, barbaric, inept, sinister, and incompetent and cowards. How and Why have Arabs been vilified in Hollywood? Ronald Adler and Russell Proctor II, assert that stereotyping can have a harmful effect on interracial communication, hindering professional and personal relationships (86). They also explain that â€Å"stereotyping does not always arise from bad intentions†¦in some cases, careless generalizations can grow from good intentions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (87). However, Dr. Jack Shaheen, a world renowned author, media critic and university professor, describes Arabs, as â€Å"the most maligned group in the history of Hollywood, they are portrayed as sub human†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (21). In his much acclaimed book, Reel Bad Arabs (2001), and film by the same name, Shaheen breaks down the Arab stereotypes as depicted in close to 1,000 movies. In his extensive projects of both the book and the movie, Shaneen explores the American cinematic landscape from the early days of Hollywood to 2001, and shows a grim stereotyping of Arabs. Shaheen’s work provides a similarity to a few other seemingly racist depictions through past history. His work featured Hollywood’s portrayal of Arabs as a dangerous epidemic and writes that, â€Å"Muslims and Arabs continue to surface as the threatening culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (23). Shaheen asserts that Hollywood’s depiction of Arabs varies with the climate of current world politics. He documents that Arabs and Muslims are consistently depicted as, â€Å"bearded Mullahs, billionaire sheiks, terrorist bombers, black Bedouins, and noisy bargainers†¦women surface as gun tooters or bumbling subservient, or belly dancers bouncing voluptuously in palaces and erotically oscillating in slave markets. More recently, image-makers are offering other caricatures of Muslim women: covered in black from head to toe, they appear as uneducated, unattractive and enslaved beings, slowly attending to men, as they follow behind abusive sheiks† (23). Some of the movies explored in Reel Bad Arabs include: The Black Stallion (1979)- Movie begins with Arabs mistreating a horse aboard a ship, then attacking a boy with a knife and stealing his life jacket. Cannonball Run 2(1981)- Showcasing the buffoonery of rich and stupid Arabs not knowing the worth of money. Never say never again (1983) Showcasing dirty and sleazy Arabs salivating over a blond American girl. Jewel of the Nile (1985) Showcasing ominous Arabs songs, sleazy and inept men outsmarted by Americans. Black Sunday (1977) Showcasing concerns about Arab terrorists planning to bomb an American stadium. Back to the future (1985) Antagonists in the film are referred to as inept and incompetent Libyan nationalists Iron Eagle (1986) American teenager bombs an Arab country after learning to fly a fighter jet overnight. Wanted: Dead or Alive (1987) Arab terrorists plan to bomb Los Angeles, killing millions. Delta Force (1986) American special forces save Jews from Palestinian terrorists. Navy Seals (1990) Showcasing inept, dangerous, and incompetent Arab terrorists wiped out by a handful of US special forces. Rules of engagement (2000) A movie that justifies US Marines killing Arab women and children in Yemen. Executive Decision (1996) Showcasing Arab terrorists hijacking an American plane and US special forces saving the day. Gladiator (2000) Showcasing barbaric Arab slave traders in a movie with no Middle East connection. True Lies (1994) Showcasing inept, dangerous, and incompetent Arab terrorist and suicide bombers in Washington DC. The Kingdom (2005) Showcasing a small unit of FBI agents who track down and kill Arab terrorists in Saudi Arabia. These movies represent just a handful from the past 3 decades alone which depict and stereotype Arabs. Hollywood images are closely related to matters in politics and do operate side by side. It is an image, which has been shaped in large part by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict raging for the past several decades, in which the United States has overwhelmingly supported Israel. Other events which influenced the portrayal include, the Islamic Revolution of Iran, which incensed Arab-American relations when radical Iranian students took American diplomats hostage for over a year. Washington’s connection to Hollywood if further intensified by the fact that several movies featuring US Armed Forces, were made in cooperation with the Defense Department; with movies such as Iron Eagle, The Delta Force, and Rules of Engagement, which was written and produced by former Secretary of the Navy and current Virginia Senator, Jim Webb. I certainly believe that the solutions for this problem are right at the finger tips of Hollywood directors, producers and movie writers, many of whom are Jewish and sometimes may hold personal biases towards the input of these movies. It is quite a challenge, in my view to find a TV show or movie; at least here in the United States that shows Arabs and Muslims in a positive light. In the same way that many movie stereotypes have progressed from others, such as â€Å"the job stealing and illegal Mexicans† and the â€Å"liquor store robbing Black† movies to more current positive images of some minorities, so do I advocate for more positive and humanizing images on the small and big screens alike for Arabs in this respect. It also greatly falls on us, as viewers and consumers to demand it because it is clear that not all Muslims and Arabs are terrorists and need not be portrayed as that. In conclusion, It is poignant now, that the United States is currently involved in two wars, and countless other conflicts against Arab and Muslim opposition in places such as Iraq and Afghanistan and persistent threats of more from places such as Iran. Our various wars, may have come after the tragic terrorist attacks on 9/11, when 19 Arabs, mostly from Saudi Arabia attacked the United States. However, mentally and visually Hollywood had already introduced us, the United States to wars in the Middle East by persistently vilifying everything about the Arab and Muslim world in their movies. Hollywood’s portrayal of Arabs, albeit often based on historical and political events has not been useful to building and improving the relationship between the Western world and the Arab world, but it does now provide.

The Ancient Mesopotamian Urban Community of Ur

The Ancient Mesopotamian Urban Community of Ur The Mesopotamian city of Ur, known as Tell al-Muqayyar and the biblical Ur of the Chaldees), was an important Sumerian city-state between about 2025-1738 BC. Located near the modern town of Nasiriyah in far southern Iraq, on a now-abandoned channel of the Euphrates river, Ur covered about 25 hectares (60 acres), surrounded by a city wall. When British archaeologist Charles Leonard Woolley excavated in the 1920s and 1930s, the city was a tell- a great artificial hill over seven meters (23 feet) high composed of centuries of building and rebuilding mud-brick structures, one stacked on top of another. Chronology of Southern Mesopotamia The following chronology of Southern Mesopotamia is simplified somewhat from that suggested by the School of American Research Advanced Seminar in 2001, based primarily on pottery and other artifact styles and reported in Ur 2010. Old Babylonian (Late Bronze Age, 1800-1600 BC)Isin-Larsa Dynasties (Middle Bronze Age, 2000-1800 BC)Ur III (2100-2000 BC)Akkadian (Early Bronze Age, 2300-2100 BC)Early Dynastic I-III (Sumerian, 3000-2300 BC)Late Uruk (Late Chalcolithic, 3300-3000 BC)Middle Uruk (3800-3300 BC)Early Uruk  (4100-3800 BC)Late Ubaid (4400-4100 BC)Ubaid Period (5900-4400 BC) The earliest known occupations at Ur city date to the Ubaid period of the late 6th millennium BC. By about 3000 BC, Ur covered a total area of 15 ha (37 ac) including early temple sites. Ur reached its maximum size of 22 ha (54 ac) during the Early Dynastic Period of the early 3rd millennium BC  when Ur was one of the most important capitals of the Sumerian civilization. Ur continued as a minor capital for Sumer and succeeding civilizations, but during the 4th century BC, the Euphrates changed course, and the city was abandoned. Living in Sumerian Ur During Urs heyday in the Early Dynastic period, four main residential areas of the city included homes made of baked mud brick foundations arranged along long, narrow, winding streets and alleyways. Typical houses included an open central courtyard with two or more main living rooms in which the families resided. Each house had a domestic chapel where cult structures and the family burial vault was kept. Kitchens, stairways, workrooms, lavatories were all part of the household structures. The houses were packed in very tightly together, with exterior walls of one household immediately abutting the next one. Although the cities appear very closed off, the interior courtyards and wide streets provided light, and the close-set houses protected the exposure of the exterior walls to heating especially during the hot summers. Royal Cemetery Between 1926 and 1931, Woolleys investigations at Ur focused on the Royal Cemetery, where he eventually excavated approximately 2,100 graves, within an area of 70x55 m (230x180 ft): Woolley estimated there were up to three times as many burials originally. Of those, 660 were determined to be dated to the Early Dynastic IIIA (2600-2450 BC)period, and Woolley designated 16 of those as royal tombs. These tombs had a stone-built chamber with multiple rooms, where the principal royal burial was placed. Retainerspeople who presumably served the royal personage and were buried with him or herwere found in a pit outside of the chamber or adjacent to it. The largest of these pits, called death pits by Woolley, held the remains of 74 people. Woolley came to the conclusion that the attendants had willingly drunk some drug and then lay down in rows to go with their master or mistress. The most spectacular royal graves in Urs Royal Cemetery were those of Private Grave 800, belonging to a richly adorned queen identified as Puabi or Pu-abum, approximately 40 years old; and PG 1054 with an unidentified female. The largest death pits were PG 789, called the Kings Grave, and PG 1237, the Great Death Pit. the tomb chamber of 789 had been robbed in antiquity, but its death pit contained the bodies of 63 retainers. PG 1237 held 74 retainers, most of which were four rows of elaborately dressed women arranged around a set of musical instruments. Recent analysis (Baadsgaard and colleagues) of a sample of skulls from several pits at Ur suggests that, rather than being poisoned, the retainers were killed by blunt force trauma, as ritual sacrifices. After they were killed, an attempt was made to preserve the bodies, using a combination of heat treatment and the application of mercury; and then the bodies were dressed in their finery and laid in rows in the pits. Archaeology at the City of Ur Archaeologists associated with Ur included J.E. Taylor, H.C. Rawlinson, Reginald Campbell Thompson, and, most importantly, C. Leonard Woolley. Woolleys investigations of Ur lasted 12 years from 1922 and 1934, including five years focusing on the Royal Cemetery of Ur, including the graves of Queen Puabi and King Meskalamdug. One of his primary assistants was Max Mallowan, then married to mystery writer Agatha Christie, who visited Ur and based her Hercule Poirot novel   Murder in Mesopotamia on the excavations there. Important discoveries at Ur included the Royal Cemetery, where rich Early Dynastic burials were found by Woolley in the 1920s; and thousands of clay tablets impressed with cuneiform writing which describe in detail the lives and thoughts of Urs inhabitants. Sources Baadsgaard A, Monge J, Cox S, and Zettler RL. 2011.  Human sacrifice and intentional corpse preservation in the Royal Cemetery of Ur.  Antiquity 85(327):27-42.Dickson DB. 2006. Public Transcripts Expressed in Theatres of Cruelty: the Royal Graves at Ur in Mesopotamia.  Cambridge Archaeological Journal  16(2):123–144. Jansen M, Aulbach S, Hauptmann A, Hà ¶fer HE, Klein S, Krà ¼ger M, and Zettler RL. 2016. Platinum group placer minerals in ancient gold artifacts – Geochemistry and osmium isotopes of inclusions in Early Bronze Age gold from Ur/Mesopotamia. Journal of Archaeological Science 68:12-23.Kenoyer JM, Price TD, and Burton JH. 2013. A new approach to tracking connections between the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia: initial results of strontium isotope analyses from Harappa and Ur. Journal of Archaeological Science 40(5):2286-2297.Miller NF. 2013. Symbols of Fertility and Abundance in the Royal Cemetery at Ur, Iraq. American Journal of Archaeology 117(1):127- 133. Oates J, McMahon A, Karsgaard P, Al Quntar S, and Ur J. 2007. Early Mesopotamian urbanism: a new view from the north.  Antiquity  81:585-600. Rawcliffe C, Aston M, Lowings A, Sharp MC, and Watkins KG. 2005. Laser Engraving Gulf Pearl ShellAiding the Reconstruction of the Lyre of Ur.  Lacona VI.Shepperson M. 2009.  Planning for the sun: urban forms as a Mesopotamian response to the sun.  World Archaeology  41(3):363–378.Tengberg M, Potts DT, and Francfort H-P. 2008.  The golden leaves of Ur.  Antiquity  82:925-936.Ur J. 2014. Households and the emergence of cities in ancient Mesopotamia. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 24(2):249-268.Ur J, Karsgaard P, and Oates J. 2011. The Spatial Dimensions of Early Mesopotamian Urbanism: The Tell Brak Suburban Survey, 2003-2006. Iraq 73:1-19.

Contemporary Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contemporary Management - Essay Example In this study, we will tackle how Amazon.com, a leading online seller of books and reading materials, advance its business strategies in a global scale applying theory contemporary management in reaching its market goals effectively. This paper will specifically (a) analyze effective management and the evolution of management’s ideation; (b) analyze effects, influences and changes from numerous factors using theory of contemporary management; (c) examine how management theory can be optimized in Amazon.com’s organization; (d) evaluate the significance and impact of information technologies in contemporary business operation; and finally, (e) appreciate how information systems are optimized to support Amazon.com’s management’s decision-making. Theories of Management Contemporary business management is distinguished by some significant factors with other theories of management. The latter is inclusive of scientific, bureaucratic management, human relations m ovement and progressive management development (McNamara, 2012, p. 1). Scientific management theory, which is more widely practiced in the 18th to mid-19th centuries by then emerging large industries, deals with routinary tasks in the manufacturing industries (McNamara, 2012, p. 1). ... 1). The dehumanizing and enslaving relations at workplaces under these management theories motivated workers to deliberate their rights and fought for human relations movement to improve their situations in work places (McNamara, 2012, p. 1). Impelled by labor unrest and uprisings, workers demanded for business management that respects their skills, capacities and intelligence (McNamara, 2012, p. 1). They asserted, as reflected with corporate behaviorism, that organizational integrity and development could only be attained if workers rights and needs are considered by the companies (McNamara, 2012, p. 1). Bolstered by these movements, workers were capacitated, coached, and mentored for their career development and supervisory skills acquisition (McNamara, 2012, p. 1). Most workers were sent to school to acquire knowledge on effective business operation and human resource management (McNamara, 2012, p. 1). Nowadays, companies embraced contemporary management which is featured with con tingency, systems and chaos theories (McNamara, 2012, p. 1). The first theory contended that the management assume the power of decision-makings using frameworks and approaches with better leadership styles (McNamara, 2012, p. 1). Contemporary leadership adopts the confluence of transformational, transactional, principle-centered and charismatic styles to manage human resources to ascertain that they are well-motivated to meet goals while engaging clients for their respective service satisfaction (McNamara, 2012, p. 1). On the other hand, systems theory extols functional systematic operational procedures laid for workers in business operations and in human resource management (McNamara, 2012, p. 1). The system includes regular meetings, planning, implementation, monitoring,

Analyse and research of area related to criminology (based on Essay

Analyse and research of area related to criminology (based on article)) - Essay Example The purpose of this research is to examine the use of the internet as a tool for sexual predation, particularly by women. Following a literature review on the topic, 50 participants from the North-East of England to examine how much of a danger female sex offenders are perceived to be in the context of cyber-crime. Martellozzo, Nehring & Taylor (2010) established that females do indeed use the internet to target children as part of a sex offence. However, the area has not received much attention, and therefore there can be a taboo about female sex offenders and it can be difficult for criminal investigations to come to a solid conclusion, as the area is poorly understood. Martellozzo, Nehring & Taylor (2010) describe the use of the internet by female sex offenders as an ‘emerging problem’ (p1) which needs to be addressed in a criminological manner to fully understand the consequences and significance of the problem. It is perhaps important to define what constitutes child abuse in an electronic manner to fully understand the context of the article. Child sexual abuse in a cybercrime context can include (but is not limited to) sharing and downloading of sexual photography of underage individuals, the use of explicit language in chat rooms and through other online media, and the approaching of minors with the aim of starting a sexual relationship in the ‘real world’ (Martellozzo, Nehring & Taylor, 2010, p2). The internet allows these activities to be conducted with a degree of secrecy, which means that children are often more at risk of these activities online than they are in the ‘real world’, although the effects may be just as damaging. The research involved in the work of Martellozzo, Nehring & Taylor (2010) consisted of an exploratory method involving collection of qualitative data from open interviews with 15 female sex offenders post-arrest. These

Measurements of Universal Health in Ethiopia

Measurements of Universal Health in Ethiopia TASK The UK Department for International Development (UK-DFID) has recently decided to allocate funds for establishing universal health coverage in low income countries. The Director of the Global Health Division of the UK-DFID invites you to submit a scoping report with a critical assessment of the type of indicators needed to evaluate and monitor universal health coverage in a low income country of your choice. Your report will be judged on the basis of the following criteria: Illustration and critical assessment of at least 5 relevant direct or indirect indicators (statistics), their sources and overall quality of data. The sources (online) and any other supporting references cited should be numbered either in the footnote or in the Bibliography at the end of the document. Use and reliability of those selected indicators for planning and programme interventions Potential country-specific barriers, where applicable, in implementing the universal health coverage Clarity of presentation, independent critical thinking and creativity One of the main aims of the UK department for international development is to promote the development and eradication of poverty through the establishment of Universal Global Health coverage in low in come countries. As a result this scoping report focuses on Ethiopia a low income region which has a history of high birth rates, famine, war and the second highest population in Africa (91million) [1]. The regions health care system as consequence is among one the poorest in Africa, making it an ideal region in assigning the types indictors needed to provide UGH [2]. In order to monitor and evaluate UGH it is important to firstly acknowledge that there is no one metric measurement or indicator of health, as health differs from one individual to another and as a outcome an average or optimum is often defined to monitor the overall health of the population [3]. The World Health Report 2013 has provided a widely used framework in order to successfully monitor UGH [4]. Figure 1 illustrates the framework which focuses on three main areas of health. Service coverage: the vital health care services that are needed, Financial coverage: Ability to acquire these services without financial difficulty and Population coverage: the number people that have access to these services. The indictors used in this report aim to cover these three dimensions while also being tailored specifically to Ethiopia’s health requirements. Table 1: Statistics adapted from WHO data repository [8] Population using improved drinking-water sources (%) Year Rural Urban 1990 4% 80% 2000 19% 87% 2011 39% 97% Adequate access to clean water is a basic human right and the seventh Millennium Development Goal [5]. Clean water is essential to ample quality of life and is used in a diverse range of fields from basic hydration, irrigation, sanitation to complex health care institutions such as hospitals making it a vital component of health [6]. This indicator is categorised into ether improved or unimproved source with improved sources indicating clean water. This classification makes it a simple indicator allowing identification of areas where safe water sources are abundant and areas that need improved water source access, perhaps through water aid programs. This indicator is particularly useful as it can show the range of human impacts on the quality of water through the presence of nitrate as well as compounds and bacteria which can indicate waterborne pathogens the common cause of disease. [7]. Data is provided through national household surveys, the demographic health surveys (DHS) and RA DW (Rapid assessment of drinking water quality project) which is carried out by both the WHO and UNICEF with the DHS often providing high quality statistics [4]. Table 1 illustrates that the percentage of improved water sources is disproportionate from 97% users in urban area in 2011 compared to just 39% in rural areas in 2011. This suggests that water sanitation programs should be focused in rural areas where there are less people using improved drinking sources. The results also illustrate that although there are far more users of improved sources in urban areas, the number of users in rural area over three decades have seen a greater increase from just 4% in 1990 to over 39% in 2011 which could be attribute to better surveying in these areas in recent times. The indicator however is a proxy to number of people that have access to clean water as it shows the percentage of users of improved sources and not the amount people that have access to safe drinking water, meaning some soci al-economic groups such as the isolated poor or elderly are not accounted for as they are less likely to have â€Å"access† to these improved sources [7]. The indictor is limited only showing percentages for rural and urban areas; an indication of sub-urban regions would provide are more in-depth analysis of overall water quality in the region. Recognition of which gender the improved water source is mainly being used by i.e. men, women or children is also unaccounted for which could be crucial indicator as children are highly impacted from waterborne pathogens [2]. Furthermore even though water is being used from an improved source, this water still needs to be obtained from larger sources leading to possible contamination during transportation or even storage invalidating the indicator. Guidelines presented by WHO for safe drinking water is also assumed constant over time by indictor limiting it accuracy [9], overall this indicator can provide an overview of water quality b ut accuracy of the indicator can be skewed to urban areas. The overall health of the population is often measured by life expectancy, this indicator is widely used and data regarding this indictor is readily available. Life expectancy is a longer term measure of health and an overall indication of health over the years. Life expectancy in Ethiopia has been improving over the years from around 55 years at birth in 2004 to 62 years in 2011[8]. It is an important indicator in reflecting the overall mortality of the population; this is helpful for the governmental as it illustrates the trend through time of the overall population and improvements in life expectancy can reflect better nutrition, hygiene and effective medical intervention within the nation [10]. However unless a comprehensive cohort/period life table is developed, life expectancy at birth assumes that health conditions remain constant throughout the lifespan of the individual, an inaccurate assumption given the higher mortality rates in the first year of life and lower mortality a t around middle age. Table 3: Data adapted from WHO, World Bank and DHS. [8], [10],[11] BCG among 1 year’s olds (%) [8] Under 5 mortality rate per 1000 births [10] Children Fully Immunised (%) [11] Year: 1980 0 240 N/A 2000 51% 146 14.3% 2011 80% 68 24% Vaccination is an essential component of health in many low-income countries with the fourth MDG main aim being the reduction of child morbidity and mortality [5]. Immunisation can help reduce mortality and usually is cost effective while also being an excellent indictor of the health among children. BCG is the best indicator of full immunisation coverage as the WHO states children can be classified full immunised once they have received a tuberculosis vaccination (BCG) [9] therefore a BCG indicator is vital in monitoring health of children. Table 3 illustrates the importance of BCG vaccination with the percentage of coverage improving over the years from no vaccination in 1980 to over 80% of 1 year olds having being immunised in 2012 suggesting an improvement in the protection of children against TB, this is further reinforced by the decline in under five mortality rate. The validity of the indictor can be backed up by it its correlation to under 5 mortality rate; Table 3 illustrate s a linear relationship in increasing immunisation and declining child mortality, showing the success of the indictor in monitoring UGH among children. However universal health through immunisation in reality is hindered by a delay in diagnosis of tuberculosis in Ethiopia which can exacerbate the disease [12], combined with the majority of children and citizens being concentrated in rural areas where there is no real means of transportation available to attend a hospital for vaccination, [2] making the indicator biased to people who can access vaccination facilities. The BCG indicator is effectively used in TB prevention, treatment and psychological suffering through basic programmes such as stop TB strategy programme [4]. Data provides estimations between the accurately reported immunisation figures by national authorities and those where data may present misleading figures [8]. This means the data may not be fully accurate as it is a estimation of actual and misclassified figures. However this indicator is vital for monitoring and guiding disease and eradication programmes and efforts in Ethiopia. Although BCG percentage shows a high coverage over tuberculosis it does to provide accurate analysis of UGH in terms of other diseases such as malaria. The percentage of full immunised children is a better indictor for UGH as it indicates children which are protected against all diseases. However only 24% of children are fully immunised which suggest that although 80% of children are immunised this is misleading as this 80% are only immunised against TB and not other deadly diseases. Although the WHO suggests children are not fully covered against diseases until they are immunised from TB, the immunisation of other diseases prior to the TB vaccination needs to be considered. Anaemia is defined as a condition which is characterised by low levels of haemoglobin in our blood, in the case of Ethiopia anaemia is a major concern with low come groups being among highest at risk [13]. This is an important indicator in children as anaemia is associated with impaired mental and physical development and increasing morbidity and mortality. This indicator is particularly helpful because it has allowed a number of preventions programmes to be put into place such as enhanced outreach Strategy and Targeted supplementary foods intervention programme which aim to improve nutrient in among children. More than 44% of population in 2011 is still anaemic with 21% percent of children having moderate anaemia illustrating the importance of this indicator in monitoring UGH in children and future programme intervention development. However this indicator is constraint to children limiting its capability, it is also misleading as there are also other factors related to anaemia such iron deficiency, and Vitamin A levels which this indictor does not account for providing inaccurate assessment [9]. Table 3: Indicators adapted from WHO, DHS and UN [8],[11],[14] Maternal Mortality Ratio MMR per 100,000 live births [8] Live Births Delivered at Health Facility (%) [11] Births attended by skilled heath Personnel (%) [15] Year: 1990 950 N/A NA 2005 700 5.3% 5.7% 2011 350 9.9% 10.0% Maternal mortality in Ethiopia is among the highest in the world and it is the biggest killer of women in Sub-Saharan Africa with the fifth MDG aiming for a reduction of 75% from 1990 to 2015 [5]. Maternal health is often measured by the maternal mortality ratio which is expected to be useful in indicating the deaths among women, the risk associated with pregnancy, monitoring achievement towards MDG 5 and the capacity of health systems within Ethiopia to provide effective health care [14]. Table 1 illustrates the maternal mortality ratio, illustrating initially that there is reduction in maternal morality in Ethiopia and an improvement over the years with some considerable progress towards MDG 5. However the MMR ratio does not take into consideration several key factors that can impact women during her pregnancy. The indictor is irrespective of the duration of pregnancy and also where the birth took place giving an inaccurate assumption how amount of mortalities. The relationship bet ween the MMR to percentages of live births that took place in health facility shows a poor correlation because although there has been a significant reduction in mortality from 1990 to 2011 this is misleading as only 9.9% of these births took place in adequate well equipped hospitals suggesting MMR should be higher. Measuring mortality is difficult and inaccurate as it is a ratio based on estimations between the total maternal deaths and total live births which does not account for women which have died during the pregnancy. The ratio also fails to show the factors which lead to high or low level of mortality which could prove vital to reducing mortality as an indication of this would allow a focus in future planning to reduce the MMR. Sources of data are varied with different methods being used to derive country estimates, with many rural areas having no data at all making results biased [14]. A more accurate indictor of UGH of maternal health is number of live births in health fac ilities and births attended by skills personal, both indictors show low percentages suggesting and poor health care service as an increase in number births at hospital and with better equipped personnel is likely to reduce maternal deaths. These two indictors also show why maternal death rates are so high as apposed just showing number of deaths. The MMR indictor used is not a reliable indictor of UGH among pregnant women and more focused indictors such one shown in table 3 are recommended for UGH. As stated in the introduction there is no one measure of universal health among a country, individual, or the world. Each indicator has it own weakness and strengths as illustrated above. All the indictors in this report have been chosen as they are most suited to Ethiopia and it requirements, this report suggests that some indictors i.e. Immunisation and percentage population using improved water sources may be better indictors than other such as life expectancy and maternal health in monitoring UGH. However any indictors used to monitor UGH should be chosen for future policy planning, MDG assessments and intervention schemes. Bibliography: 1: The World Bank, working for a world free of poverty. http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ethiopia (Accessed 15 February 2014). 2: Murray, J.S., Moonan, M. Recognizing the healthcare needs of Ethiopia’s children. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing 2012; 17(4):339-343. 10.1111/j.1744-6155.2012.00328.x (Accessed 15th February 2014). 3: Abraha, M.W., Nigatu, T.H. Modeling trends of health and health related indicators in Ethiopia (1995-2008): a time-series study. Health Research Policy and Systems 2009;7(1)1-17 http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content/7/1/29/abstract (Accessed 12 February 2014). 4: World Health Organization, research for universal health coverage: world health report 2013. The World Health organisation 2013. 5: United Nations Millennium Development Goals: We can end poverty http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ (Accessed 12 February 2014). 6: Onda, K., LoBuglio, J., Bartram, J. Global Access to Safe Water: Accounting for Water Quality and the Resulting Impact on MDG Progress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2012;9(3)880–894. 10.3390/ijerph9030880 (Accessed 12 February 2014). 7: Bain, R., Gundry, S., Wright, J., Yang, H., Pedley, S., Bartram, J.. Accounting for water quality in monitoring access to safe drinking-water as part of the Millennium Development Goals: lessons from five countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2012;90(3),228–235. 8: The World Health Organisation, Global Health Observatory. http://www.who.int/gho/database/en/ (Accessed 15 February 2014). 9: Central Statistical Agency [Ethiopia] and ICF International. 2012. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton, Maryland, USA: Central Statistical Agency and ICF International. 10: The World Bank, Indicators. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator (Accessed 13 February 2014). 11: Demographic and Health Surveys, Country Quickstats. http://www.measuredhs.com/Where-We-Work/Country-Main.cfm?ctry_id=65c=EthiopiaCountry=Ethiopiacn=r=1 (Accessed 15th February 2014). 12: Demissie, M., Lindtjorn, B., Berhane, Y. Patient and health service delay in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2002; 2(1) 1-7 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/2/23/abstract (Accessed 13th February 2014). 13: Balarajan, Y., Ramakrishnan, U., Ozaltin, E., Shankar, A.H., Subramanian, S.V. Anaemia in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet 2011;378(9809) 2123–2135 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62304-5 (Accessed 16Th February 2014). 14: The World Health Organisation, Indicator and measurement registry. http://apps.who.int/gho/indicatorregistry/App_Main/view_indicator.aspx?iid=26 (Accessed 19th February 2014). 15: UN Data, Statistics. http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=MDGf=seriesRowID:570 (Accessed 19 February 2014).

Poems From Other Cultures- John Agard and Sujata Bhatt Essay

Search for My Tongue by Sujata Bhatt and Half-Caste by John Agard, are poems that both explain the struggles of living with mixed heritages and being split between the two. They both express there opinion in different ways, Bhatt using symbolism and Agard using confrontational speech and metaphors. Agard’s poem portrays the racist connotations associated with the word Half-caste and he effectively puts across his true feelings on the subject. Agard was born in Guyana and like most Caribbean people Agard is bi-racial, being born of a white Portuguese mother and a black Caribbean father. Consequently, Agard is going to be dealing with several issues as he has to live between two languages, three cultures, and living in a country that comfortably uses words such as ‘half-caste’ without thinking about the negative undertones that can dampen his spirit and pride in being of duel-heritage. Similarly, Bhatt writes about her struggle of living between two cultures, but unlike Agard she is of one race, Indian. Bhatt and her family moved to the West when Bhatt was still young and there she learned English in addition to her first language, Guajarati. Bhatt’s poem explains the difficulty of having two languages, the fear of looses a native language when living abroad, and ultimately suggests that language is the centre of an identity. She does, however, comes to the conclusion that even though you may not speak your mother tongue on a regular, day-to-day basis it will always be with you and that you cannot loose who you are. Agard presents his words in a unique and abrupt method. He puts his poem into five stanzas that vary in length; this could be so it sounds like someone talking not a verse, showing that he wanted the fluidity of the poem to feel real, and not rehearsed. He also flaunts his poem by using short lines, â€Å"explain yuself† to maybe be abrupt and direct, giving his poem a confrontational feel but he also may do this as a symbolic gesture as he only has ‘half’ a line, half a self, half a human. By doing this he is challenging the term half-cast and highlighting its negative impact and connotations, he is also exploiting it and making the term seem ridiculous. Conversely, Bhatt presents her poem as one long stanza and has written it by using longer lines. It is written with fluidity, and ease, this is because she wanted the two languages, Guajarati and English, to mesh into one and almost become one language. By structuring the poem and putting the Guajarati in the middle of the poem this shows that it is the focal point of her life, and is in the middle of her mind and centres her thoughts. Having English on either side this could be to show that there is more English in her life but the language that holds it all together is her mother tongue, Guajarati. Both poems are multi-lingual with Agard mixing Patios and English. In his sentences he has casually overlapped colloquial English and patois; you could say that the poem is half English half patois showing that he is half of each, emphasising his original message of the poem. The language that Agard has used has made his poem read like a conversation. His use of colloquial English has added to this, but the way he opens his poem in very formal and polite, this could be to get the attention of the reader, or to mimic ‘posh people’. He also introduces the poem by saying â€Å"excuse me, standing on one leg, I’m half-caste† to say that the first thing people want to know is his race not him, his name, or his personality. Also the connotations with standing on one leg, saying that he is only worth to stand on one leg and that being half-caste mean he is half a man. Also by using metaphors such as â€Å"yu mean when light and shadow, mix in de sky, is half-caste weather?† he is accentuating the stupidity of the phrase half-caste and how observed the word truly is. His language also has hints of subtle humour. For example, â€Å"well in dat case, England weather, nearly always half-caste†. Here he is making fun of English weather saying that it isn’t good as it is always half light and half dark and he is saying that people are constantly surrounded by ‘half-caste’ images but never pick up on them so why should him and him only be subjected to this, what can be perceived as racist, phrase. As well as the above Agard emphasises the argument by constantly repeating words such as â€Å"explain yuself, what yu mean†. This fully drills the argument with full impact constantly asking the reader to change their attitude towards the term ‘half-caste’. Bhatt has a very blatant language variation in her poem as she has written in Guajarati and English two extremely different languages. This use of Guajarati shows that her life is mixture of both and that her Guajarati will near be lost and will always be in her thoughts and life. Also in this poem Bhatt uses the word ‘I’ allot, â€Å"you ask me what I mean by saying I have lost my tongue,† by doing this Bhatt is constantly referring to herself making it much more likely for other multi ethnic people to relate to the poem. What’s more Bhatt uses some very powerful lines for instance, â€Å"if you had two tongues in your mouth, and you lost the first one, the mother tongue, and could not really know the other, the foreign tongue†. In these lines Bhatt talks about their tongues being in conflict, never really fully mixing or complementing each other, but she also talks about how without each other they wouldn’t work. Furthermore Bhatt writes about how you will never lose the mother tongue, â€Å"†¦but overnight when I dream, it grows back†¦the bud opens†¦it blossoms out of my mouth†, this says and shows that the reinforcement of the mother tongue is unstoppable and by using the metaphor of a flower, it makes it beautiful. Agard has filled his poem up to the brim with many different metaphors and images. All of the images he uses like, â€Å"yu mean Tchaikovsky, sit down at dah piano, and mix a black key, wid a white key, is a half-caste symphony?†, emphasise the ridiculousness of the term, and it also highlights that if you use the term half caste for people then you need to use it for everything even things that are highly respected in society. In addition to these images Agard writes some very obscure and irregular images in the third stanza of the poem. Agard goes on to say, â€Å"an when I’m introduces to yu, I’m sure you’ll understand why I offer yu half-a-hand, and when I sleep at night I close half-a-eye†. These are very powerful images that Agard is writing and they are one final punch in the poem to try and truly highlight the complete stupidity of the term half-caste and also by making many references of half-a-human this can show that the term of half-caste can hurt and be offensive as well as not necessary. Finally in the last six lines of the poem Agard says that it is us who isn’t whole and we need to listen to his story with â€Å"de whole of yu mind† to truly understand the ‘other half’ of his story. These lines flip the racist connotations of the term saying that those who use it are the true ‘not whole’ people. Bhatt has one major image that carries the whole poem through the words and making the poem flow. She referees to languages as plants. For example, â€Å"it grows back, a stump of a shoot grows longer, grows moist, grows strong veins†¦it blossoms†. Bhatt does this to show clearly what she means by ‘loosing he tongue’ because plants die when in the wrong environment and they need nutrients of their home soil to live, so she is saying that so your mother tongue doesn’t die you need to feed it with culture of your home. Also Bhatt may use the idea of plants as this accentuates the fact that when you become comfortable with the fact that you have ‘two tongues’ you can grow, blossom and enrich yourself with confidence. She also uses lines that create strong images like, â€Å"your tongue would rot, rot and die in your mouth until you had to spit it out.† By saying that you must spit it out shows how disgusted she is by the fact that she thinks that she has lost her mother tongue. Throughout Agard’s poem there is a mixture of many tones. There is a slight angry tone; he is slightly warning those that use the word half-caste. He constantly says â€Å"explain yuself† and by doing so he is almost threatening the reader, he is challenging the reader to try and explain why this term should be acceptable. There is also a very slight apologetic tone to the poem, in the first stanza especially, as the poem begins with the line, â€Å"excuse me†, almost like he is apologising for being mixed race, again emphasising the utter silliness of the term half-caste. The entire poem has the tone of over exertion of all emotions; again i feel that this is just to highlight the ridiculous phrase that is half-caste. Unlike Agard’s poem half-caste, Bhatt has a much more peaceful and calm tone to her writing. Her poem flows of the tongue and is read very gently. This could almost be to emphasise the idea that sleep, a calm concept, unlocking the mother tongue, or is to make sure that the idea of anger isn’t brought across but it is more the idea of confusion and the idea of being lost without the mother tongue. I think that Agard is almost vulgarly blatant with his message that the term half-caste shouldn’t be used and demines people that are mixed race. He argues the idea that when two opposite are mixed it creates something better, new and exciting. For example he writes â€Å"yu mean when Picasso mix red an green is a half-caste canvas?† he is almost using reverse psychology as Picasso by mixing red and green created an amazing canvas. He is using this poem to make it clear to people how offending this term can be and that it can truly rip a man’s pride in half. Bhatt however, is conveying almost an opposite message. She is saying that no matter what you do, say, or for that matter what other people say, you can never lose who you are or where you came from or put in other words you can never lose your past. All in all I feel that the poems both convey the message that they set out to and did it with real passion but with two completely different massaged and two completely different styles, it really shows two completely different attitudes to dealing with a multi racial life.

Key Pieces of Pte Academic Essay Writing Topics

Key Pieces of Pte Academic Essay Writing Topics Pte Academic Essay Writing Topics Fundamentals Explained Whatever you write on paper is taken into account. An essay has become the most common sort of academic paper assigned at the school and college level on any sort of topic, with the principal aim to cover a specific parcel of information in the most in-depth way. Writing an outline provides you an opportunity to plan what you'll write, organize your ideas and make certain everything fits together. It is an art and it needs a lot of preparations to make a perfect article. Life After Pte Academic Essay Writing Topics Your paragraphs do not connect one another's meaning in addition to the full thought of your essay may be incomprehensible. The entire body of the academic essay ought to be clearly written with no ambiguity. 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List of Jewish Schools in New Jersey

Here is a list of Jewish schools in New Jersey, organized alphabetically by town. Adelphia Talmudical Academy of New Jersey Route 524, P.O. Box 7, Adelphia, NJ 07710732 431 1600Grades 9-12, All Boys Asbury Park Hillel Yeshiva High School 1027 Deal Road, Asbury Park, NJ 07712732-493-0420Grades 9-12, Coed Bayonne Yeshiva Gedolah of Bayonne 735 Avenue C, Bayonne, NJ 07002201 339 7258Grades 9-12, All Boys Bergenfield Yeshivat Noam School 139 South Washington Avenue, Bergenfield, NJ 07621201 439 1919Nursery School Summer Camp Bridgewater The Preschool Place Kindergarten N Bridge Street, Box 6007, Bridgewater, NJ 08807908 722 0101PKK Cherry Hill Congregation Mkor Shalom Preschool 850 Eversham Rd NJ 08003856 424 7339 Delaware Valley Torah Institute 31 Maple Avenue NJ 08002856 482 8230Grades 9-11, All Boys Katz Jewish Community Center E 1301 Springdale Rd NJ 08003856 424 4444 Politz Day School 720 Cooper Landing Road NJ 08002856 667 1013 Temple Beth Sholom 1901 Kresson At Croppwell NJ 08003856 751 0994 Clifton Clifton Ym Ywha 199 Scoles Avenue NJ 07012973 779 2980PK K Mesivta of Clifton 338 Delawanna Ave, Clifton, NJ 07014973-779-4800Grades 10-12, All Boys Deal Park The Center Play Sch Jewish 100 Grant Ave NJ 07723732 531 9100 East Brunswick Solomon Schechter Day School 511 Ryders Lane NJ 08816732 238 7971 Temple Bnai Shalom Po Box 957 NJ 08816732-251-4300 East Windsor Morris Namias Shalom Torah Acd 639 Abbington Drive, East Windsor, NJ 08520609 443 4877 Edison Rabbi Jacob Joseph Yeshiva 1 Plainfield Avenue, Edison, NJ 08817732 985 6533Grades 9-12, All Boys Rabbi Pesach Raymon Yeshiva 2 Harrison Street NJ 08817732 572 5052 Egg Harbor Township Trocki Hebrew Academy of Alant 6814 Black Horse Pike NJ08234 609 383 8484 Elberon Ilan High School 250 Park Avenue NJ 07740732 870 2800 Elizabeth Bruriah High School For Girls 35 North Avenue NJ 07208908 355 4850 Jewish Educational Center 330 Elmora Ave NJ 072089083534446 Englewood Moriah School of Englewood 53 South Woodland Street NJ 07631201 567 0208 Yeshiva Ohr Hatalmud of Englewood 101 West Forest Avenue, Englewood, NJ 07631201 816 1800Grades 9-12, All Boys Fairlawn Helen Troum Nurery School Kindergarten 4-10 Fair Lawn Ave 25 NJ 07410201 797 2865 Franklin Lakes Barnert Temple Preschool 747 Route 208 South NJ 07417201 848 1027 Highland Park Atid Po Box 1503 NJ 089047329856378 Reenas Bais Yaakov 1131 Raritan Ave, Highland Park, NJ 08904732-985-5646Grades 10-12, All Girls Ym-ywha of Raritan Valley 2 South Adelaide Avenue NJ 08904732 249 2221 Hillsborough Temple Beth El School 67 Us 206 NJ 08844908 704 1712 Howell Solomon Schechter Academy 395 Kent Road NJ 07731 732 370 1767 Lakewood Bais Faiga Park Avenue Campus 100 Park Ave NJ 08701732 367 6708 Bais Kaila Torah Preparatory High School for Girls Po Box 952, Lakewood, NJ 08701732 370 4300Grades 9-12, All Girls Bais Rivka Rochel School 285 River Avenue NJ 08701732 367 4855Grades K-8, Coed Bais Shaindel High School For Girls 299 Monmouth Avenue, Lakewood, NJ 08701732 363 7074Grades 9-12, All Girls Bais Tova Inc. 961 E County Line Rd NJ 08701732 901 3913 Bais Yaakov Bnos Chayil School 124 Gudz Road NJ 08701732 886 5100 Bais Yaakov Bnos Rivka 1501 Canterbury Road NJ 08701732 370 0100 Bnos Bais Yaakov Tzipa Grumet High School 155 Oberlin Ave N, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-363-0329Grades 9-12, All Girls Bais Yaakov High School of Lakewood 277 James st., Lakewood, NJ 08701732-370-8200Grades 9-12, All Girls Bezal-el Yeshiva 419 5th St NJ 08701732 363 1748 Bnos Brocha 763 River Ave, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-905-3030Grades K-6, All Girls Bnos Devora 243 Prospect St., Lakewood, NJ 08701732-905-4455Grades K-2, All Girls Bnos Yaakon Elementary School 2 Kent Road, Lakewood, NJ 08701732 363 1400Grades KG-8, All Girls Cheder Toras Zev 108 Chateau Drive, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-901-5060Grades K-2, All Boys Jewish Education for Girls 1050 Tuxedo Ter, Lakewood, NJ 08701 Lakewood Cheder School for Boys 901 Madison Ave Po Box 838 NJ 08701732 364 1552 Lakewood Cheder School for Girls 350 Courtney Road NJ 08701732 363 5070 Mesivta Keser Torah 455 14th Street, Lakewood, NJ 08701732 681 5656Grades 9-12, All Boys Mesivta of Lakewood 415 6th Street NJ 08701732 367 7345 Mesivta Nachlas Yisroel 1441 Oakwood Ave, Lakewood, NJ 08701914-261-8445Grades 9-12, Coed Mesivta Pe’er Hatorah 501 Prospect St., Lakewood, NJ 08701732-370-2362Grades 9-12, All Boys Mikor Hatorah 7 Sequoia St, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-370-0570Grades 9-12, All Boys NJ Center For Judaic Study 801 West Kennedy Blvd NJ 08701732 363 9817 Ohr Chodosh 1015 Park Avenue NJ 08701732 364 7062 Oros Bais Yakov 50 Lapsley Lane, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-370-6049Grades 9-12, All Girls Talmud Torah Ohr Elchonon 805 Cross St. Ste 1, Lakewood, NJ 08701732 730 2820Grades 1-8, 191 Students, All Boys Tashbar of Lakewood 655 Princeton Ave NJ 08701732 905 1111 Tiferes Bais Yaakov 170 Oberlin Ave N #8 NJ 08701732 364 0466 Torah Institute of Lakewood 327 Carey Street NJ 08701732 905 9830 Toras Imecha 1 E 13th St NJ 08701732 730 1259 Yeshiva Bais Aharon 1430 14th Street, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-367-7604Grades 9-12, All Boys Yeshiva Bais Pinchos 1951 New Central Ave, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-367-2880Grades 9-12, All Boys Yeshiva Bais Yisroel High School 423 6th St, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-691-2907Grades 10-12, All Boys Yeshiva Birchas Chaim 960 West Kennedy Blvd NJ 08701732 370 2182Grades 9-12, All Boys Yeshiva Chayei Olam 14 E 11th St, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-363-1267Grades 9-12, All Boys Yeshiva Ktana of Lakewood 120 2nd St, Lakewood, NJ 08701732 363 0303Grades KG-12, All Boys Yeshiva Gedolah Meor Hatorah 66 Tova Dr., Lakewood, NJ 08701732-367-7590Grades 9-12, All Boys Yeshiva Gedola of Woodlake Village PO Box 974, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-730-2808Grades 10-12, All Boys Yeshiva Keter Torah 209 2nd Street NJ 08701732 961 9731 Yeshiva Masoras Avos 23 Congress St NJ 08701732 942 7522 Yeshiva Orchos Chaim 410 Oberlin Avenue South NJ 08701732 370 0799 Yeshiva Shaarei Orah 685 8th St, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-995-6701Grades 9-11, All Boys Yeshiva Tiferes Torah 75 East End Avenue Po Box 420 NJ 08701732 370 9889 Yeshiva Toras Aron 500 Summer Ave, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-360-9980Grades KG-6, All Boys Yeshiva Toras Chaim PO Box 16, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-414-2834Grades 9-12, All Boys Yeshiva Yesodei Hatorah 708 Princeton Ave, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-370-3360Grades 10-11, All Boys Yeshivas Emek Hatorah 12 Sharon Ct, Lakewood, NJ 08701Grades 10-11, All Boys Yeshivas Ohr Yissochor 300 Cross St., Lakewood, NJ 08701732-901-7608Grades 9-12, All Boys Zecher Yochanan 123 Delaware Trl, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-942-4852Grades K-3, Coed Livingston Joseph Kushner Hebrew Academy 110 S Orange Ave NJ 07039973 597 1115 Kushner Yeshiva High School 110 S Orange Ave NJ 07039973 597 1115 Sinai Special Needs Institute 110 S Orange Ave NJ 07039973 597 0770 Manalapan Congregation Sons of Israel Nu Po Box 369 NJ 07726732 446 4924 Temple Beth Shalom 108 Freehold Rd NJ 07726732 446 1224 Temple Shaari Emeth Early Po Box 360 NJ 07726732 462 3264 Marlboro Marlboro Jewish Center Nursery 103 School Road West NJ 07746732 536 2303 Solomon Schechter Day School P O Box 203 NJ 07746732 431 5525 Morganville Shalom Torah Academy 70 Amboy Road NJ 07751732 4462121 Morristown Cheder Lubavitch 226 Sussex Avenue NJ 07960973 4550168 New Milford Solomon Schecter Day School of Bergen County 275 Mckinley Avenue NJ 07646201 2629898 Oakland Gerrard Berman Day School 45 Spruce St NJ 07436201 337 1111 Ocean Deal Yeshiva - Boys Division 1515 Logan Rd NJ 07712732 663 1717 Hillel High School 1027 Deal Road NJ 07712732 493 0420 Hillel Yeshiva School 1025 Deal Road, Ocean, NJ 07712732 493 9300Grades PK-12, Coed Ilan High School 120 Roseld Ave, Ocean, NJ 07712732-517-111Grades 9-12, All Girls Paramus The Frisch School 120 West Century Road, Paramus, NJ 07652201-267-9100Grades 9-12, Coed Frisch Yeshiva High School 243 Frisch Court NJ 07652201 845 0555 Yavneh Academy 155 N Farview Ave NJ 07652201 262 8494 Passaic Bais Yaakov of Passaic High School 181 Pennington NJ 07055973 365 0100 Mesivta Tiferes Rav Zvi Aryeh Zemel 15 Temple Place, Passaic, NJ 07055973 594 9001Grades 9-12, All Boys Ybh of Passaic 565 Broadway NJ 07055973 777 0735 Yeshiva Ktana of Passaic 249 Terhune Ave NJ 07055973 365 0100 Piscataway Yeshina Shaarei Tzion 51 Park Avenue NJ 08854732 235 0042 Yeshiva Shaarei Tzion Boys 120a Ethel Rd W NJ 08854732 777 0029 Randolph Hebrew Academy of Morris County 146 Dover Chester Road NJ 07869973 584 5530 River Edge Yeshiva of North Jersey 666 Kinderkamack Road NJ 07661201 986 1414 Rockaway White Meadow Temple School 153 White Meadow Road NJ 07866973 627 2511 Scotch Plains Nursery School-Jewish Community 1391 Martine Avenue NJ 07076908 889 8800 Short Hills Bnai Jeshurun Ecc 1025 S Orange Ave NJ 07078973 379 1555 South Orange Beth El Preschool Kindergarten 222 Irvington Ave NJ 07079973 763 0113 Mickey Fried Nursery School 170 Scotland Road NJ 07079973 762 7069 South River Moshe Aaron Yeshiva High Sch 34 Charles St NJ 08882732 613 7460 Springfield Temple Beth Ahm Preschool K 60 Temple Dr NJ 07081973 376 0539 Teaneck Maayanot Yeshiva High School for Girls 1650 Palisade Avenue, Teaneck, NJ 07666201 833 4307Grades 9-12, All Girls Sinai Schools - Special Education School 1485 Teaneck Rd, Suite 304, Teaneck, NJ 07666201-833-1134Grades 1-12, Coed Sinai Special Needs Institute 1650 Palisade Avenue NJ 07666201 833 9220 Sinai High School for Boys Special Needs Institute 1600 Queen Anne Rd, Teaneck, NJ 07666201 833 9220Grades 9-12, All Boys Torah Academy of Bergen 1600 Queen Anne Rd NJ 07666201 837 7696 Trenton Ring Kindergarten 999 Lower Ferry Road NJ 08628609 883 9550 Union City Mesivta Sanz 3400 New York Ave NJ 07087201 867 8690 Vineland Early Learning Center 1015 E Park Ave NJ 08360856 691 0811 Voorhees Early Childhood Center of Cong 8000 Main Street NJ 08043856 675 1162 Kellman Brown Academy 1007 Laurel Oak Road, Voorhees, NJ 08043856-697-2929Grades PK-8, Coed Warren Mountain Top Preschool Kindergarten 104 Mt. Horeb Road NJ 07059 732 748 9800 West Long Branch Deal Yeshiva 200 Wall Street Po Box 98 NJ 07764732 229 1717 Ma’or Yeshiva High School for Boys PO Box 254, West Long Branch, NJ 07764 West Orange Golda Och Academy (formerly Solomon Schechter Day School of Essex Union) 1418 Pleasant Valley, West Orange, NJ 07052973-602-3601Grades PK-12, Coed Jewish Comm Cnt Metro West 760 Northfield Avenue NJ 07052973 736 3200 Whippany Jewish Comm Cnt Metro West 901 Route 10-east NJ 07981973 929 2920 Wyckoff Beth Rishon Nursery School 585 Russell Avenue NJ 07481201 891 6074 Updated by Stacy Jagodowski  - See updates that need to be made? Tweet me stacyjago